Festival at the Village

[pic] FESTIVAL AT THE VILLAGE T/A â€Å"[emailâ protected] †2013† A Proposal Document By Lentswe Arts Projects [LEAP] About Us Lentswe Arts Projects [LEAP] is a non-benefit association set up in March 2011, as far as Act No 71 0f 1997 under the Department of Social Development, South Africa. Jump, is the brainchild of social activists, craftsmen and craftsmanship administrators in the North West Province who have for quite a long time consolidated, been running various associations, yet generally seeking after similar objectives. It was against this understanding Lentswe was shaped. Lentswe† has numerous meanings in Setswana, one being a huge stone and the other a voice. In this unique situation, â€Å"Lentswe† is worked from the foundation of the action word â€Å"go tswa†, which intends to stem out in Setswana. â€Å"Lentswe le tswelele go tswela mosola† meaning â€Å"as you take in or advantage from Lentswe; keep on being acceptable use unt o others. † LEAP has been engaged with aesthetic and social improvement ventures since its origin. In 2010, even before being enrolled. , through the Maitiso le Kea’ social and imaginative interpretation, LEAP figured out how to purchase school garbs for the penniless younger students at Magokgwane Primary School in the edges f Mafikeng just as fixed and uniform for another edgy student at Redibone Middle School with the procedures produced from ticket deals. The raising money occasion drew a great deal of help from national and universal melodic specialists, for example, Mo Molemi, and Setswana legends virtuoso Ntirelang Berman from Botswana. October 2011, saw LEAP co-delivering a solely social night of â€Å"Ntirelang Berman live† at Mmabana Mmabatho theater. The show was hailed as â€Å"ground-breaking and conscious† by the nearby media and pulled in a blend of both the youthful and old.Executive Summary â€Å"The kids who rest in the lanes, diminished to asking to get by, are declaration to an incomplete activity. † Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela It is with the above statement from the previous South African president and Noble Prize champ, Dr. N. R. Mandela, which LEAP conceptualized and means to arrange FESTIVAL AT THE VILLAGE, likewise to be known as â€Å"[emailâ protected]†. The celebration expects to be the first of its sort expressions celebration to provide food for the oppressed young people who are otherwise called â€Å"homeless children† yet at present live at better places of security in the North West Province.[emailâ protected] looks to be a helpful stage where these adolescents are gifted and incorporated go into society. It is a vehicle to be utilized to distinguish, prepare and sustain covered up and additionally unfamiliar ability while making conceivable imaginative professions for the focused on showcase. [emailâ protected] will likewise be the first historically speaking expressions celebr ation to be arranged inside a provincial network, with the point of supporting its nearby economy just as making it a traveler goal. Buxton Village, in the Greater Taung Municipality is the perfect recognized spot with its key assets, zoning and availability for the organizing of [emailâ protected] ConceptA three months preparing period beginning in April 2013 will come full circle into an end of the week [3 days] long creative remedial experience, along these lines making up the center of [emailâ protected] †ability and enthusiastic turn of events. Better places of security in four distinct districts of the North West Province will be distinguished and roped in for support at [emailâ protected] as a major aspect of their restoration programs. Each home will have three [3] groups covering controls of show, music and move. Jump would then dole out dramaturges/facilitators to prepare and build up these gatherings in their separate order, with various subjects joined to each ga thering/home.The various gatherings dependent on various topics would then make execution bits of between 20-30 minutes in length with the direction of their particular facilitators. The facilitators would be joined by jobless social specialists [either ongoing alumni or resigned ones] to help with taking care of potential delicate material that may be a result of the workshoping procedure. Every kid has a mystery yearning of hopping in front of an audience to release his/her potential execution dream.Lentswe Arts Projects plans to offer voice to the mistreated by arranging such a progressive idea for articulation. Intriguing and remedial venue structures like â€Å"Forum theatre† will be utilized to bridle interest at [emailâ protected] in June 2013. What is Forum Theater? â€Å"It is a showy game where an issue is appeared in an unsolved structure, to which the crowd (as spect-entertainers), is welcome to propose and institute arrangements. The issue is consistently the m anifestation of persecution, and by and large includes noticeable oppressors and a hero who is oppressed.In its most perfect structure, both the on-screen characters and spect-on-screen characters will be individuals who are survivors of the abuse viable; that is the reason they can offer elective arrangements, since they themselves are by and by familiar with the mistreatment. † †Augusto Boal It abandons saying how this sort of theater model would go far in helping our focused on kids as members and society everywhere as crowds to grasp the kind of either passionate or now and again physical persecution that propagates the consistently expanding number of destitute youngsters on our streets.[emailâ protected]: ? To be a yearly helpful and edutaining aesthetic stage. [emailâ protected] †Objectives: ? Support the Department of Social Development’s order of creating and actualizing a variety of projects that don't just ensure South Africans against neediness, yet in addition advance interest in building and reinforcing networks and families. ? To be an important vehicle of intergrading our lost youngsters once again into society. ? To make employments for our social specialists and craftsmen. ? To utilize expressions of the human experience to address the financial difficulties and social rebuilding in our networks. To recognize and address social ills that bring about having youngsters destitute. ? To make potential professions in expressions of the human experience. ? To have a drawing in socially-cognizant expressions schedule occasion. ? To line up with the Department of Arts and Culture’s Mzansi’s Golden Economy strategy of making a â€Å"more than you can imagine† experience. ? Realize the Department of Social Development’s estimation of association in cooperating with common society, business, the scholarly community and the universal network. [emailâ protected] †Implementation Once the monetary a nd physical assets are accessible, LEAP will build up a definite usage plan and set up a solid group to take the undertaking to its acknowledgment. The said venture group will ideally be comprising of agents from various partners to have an effective and translucent procedure. The usage stages will predominantly start with the distinguishing proof of willing participatory children’s homes around the area, trailed by doling out of various facilitators to the separate groups/homes. Activity Plan PERIOD: 07 January †02 August 2013 ACTIVITY |DATE |PLACE |OUTCOME | |Pre-creation start |07 January †29 March 2013 |Mafikeng and Taung |Festival Logistics Plan | |Fieldwork/workshops start |01 April 2013 |Around NW |Unroll the advancement procedure | |Fieldwork/workshops start |30 June 2013 |Around NW |Have bunches prepared to | |showcase/contend. |Marketing activities start |10 June 2013 |Around NW |Create venture mindfulness around | |the area. | |Travelling day [Groups] |04 July 2013 |To Buxton |Different homes travel to get to | |the assigned zone of | |showcasing. |Technical set-up |04 July 2013 |Venues TBC |Have the scenes pleasing the| | |productions. | |[emailâ protected] Launch |05 July 2013 |Venue TBC |Launch the venture to the media | |and open. | |[emailâ protected] First Day |06 July 2013 |Social Center |Start displaying the creations. |Last Day/Prize Giving |07 July 2013 |Social Center |End short celebration of | |performances and give prizes. | |Travelling day |08 July 2013 |From Buxton |Groups and specialists get back | |home. | |Reporting |02 August 2013 |Mahikeng |Narrative and money related reports | |submitted to the funders. | Project Budget Please observe attached[pic] Celebration at the Village [pic] FESTIVAL AT THE VILLAGE T/A â€Å"[emailâ protected] †2013† A Proposal Document By Lentswe Arts Projects [LEAP] About Us Lentswe Arts Projects [LEAP] is a non-benefit association set up in March 2011, regarding Act No 71 0f 1997 under the Department of Social Development, South Africa. Jump, is the brainchild of social activists, specialists and craftsmanship directors in the North West Province who have for a considerable length of time consolidated, been running various associations, yet in a general sense seeking after similar objectives. It was against this understanding Lentswe was shaped. Lentswe† has numerous undertones in Setswana, one being a huge stone and the other a voice. In this unique circumstance, â€Å"Lentswe† is worked from the base of the action word â€Å"go tswa†, which intends to stem out in Setswana. â€Å"Lentswe le tswelele go tswela mosola† meaning â€Å"as you take in or advantage from Lentswe; keep on being a cceptable use unto others. † LEAP has been associated with aesthetic and social improvement ventures since its initiation. In 2010, even before being enlisted. , through the Maitiso le Kea’ social and creative interpretation, LEAP figured out how to purchase school garbs for the penniless younger students at Magokgwane Primary School in the edges f Mafikeng just as fixed and uniform for another urgent student at Redibone Middle School with the procedures produced from ticket deals. The fundrais

Oxford and Cambridge to charge £9000 tuition fees

Oxford and Cambridge to charge £9000 tuition fees The OE Blog News has broken that the UK’s top Oxbridge universities are planning to charge the upper limit of £9000 tuition fees from 2012. A working group formed to propose tuition fee levels at Cambridge University has recommended a flat rate of £9000 to be charged across all courses and colleges. Meanwhile at an Oxford University meeting attended by 100 members of the university’s governing body, Pro-vice Chancellor Tony Monaco explained that whilst fees of “at least” £8000 would be required just to keep the university financially “standing still”, the upper limit of £9000 would be far more realistic if grants and waivers were to be offered to poorer students. The debates have shown that far from stereotypical images of these elite universities greedily raking money in from students, they are merely scrambling to cover the huge losses caused by deep government cuts to university funding. As Frances Lannon, Principle of Lady Margaret Hall at Cambridge University explained; “if we were to charge fees of lower than £9000, our ability to sustain academic excellence and provide fee waivers and bursaries would be proportionately lessened. We cannot choose to lower fee income and at the same time support excellence and access in the way we passionately wish to.” However it will be the poorest students and applicants from the most disadvantaged backgrounds who will suffer, as proposals of access measures to offset the brunt of the fees seem set to fall far short of government promises. Since the controversial proposals to raise tuition fees to an astronomical £9000, Nick Clegg, the Liberal Democrat Deputy Prime Minister who campaigned on a platform of abolishing fees and even signed a pledge not to raise them, has insisted that the new scheme is fairer to all and will actually make university more affordable for the poorest students. Clegg suggested that only very few universities would actually charge the highest level of £9000 tuition fees under “exceptional circumstances”, and claimed that the government would introduce extremely stringent measures to ensure that those who did so would be forced to provide enormously extensive access proposals to offset the difficulties this would cause the poorest students. These new revelations about the levels of tuition fees likely to be charged directly contradict Clegg’s claims. The report from Cambridge University specifically predicts that “most if not all our peers” will charge the upper limit of £9000, a devastating blow to Clegg’s posturing and pretence, as it comes hot on the heels of his abandonment of another hollow promise made just before the vote; that the government would waive a year’s fees for all free school meals pupils. That hope of aid, along with the Education Maintenance Allowance, has been left abandoned in the dust by the new coalition. Now students will have to depend on the access measures being proposed by the universities as they begin to map out their new financial positions â€" and the signs so far are less than encouraging. In their fees debates, both Oxford and Cambridge universities have set out provision for bursaries and aid for pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds who may be deterred from applying to top universities by the new, higher levels of tuition fees. At first sight they might appear to show promise â€" Cambridge is considering introducing a fee waiver of £3000 for students from the poorest backgrounds, whilst a bursary of £1625 would go to families on an income below £25,000. Yet far from fulfilling Clegg’s promise of an easier ride for the poorest students, the fee waiver still means that they will have to pay double the current rates of tuition fees. Worse still, the current bursary available at Cambridge to the most disadvantaged students is £3400, so this aid will be axed by more than half under the new proposals. So yes, as protesters, universities and think tanks warned, almost all English universities seem set to charge the maximum level of £9000 fees. And no, Clegg’s promises of “exceptional circumstances” and “strict access measures” will not be fulfilled. No, Clegg’s claims of an easier ride for poorer students certainly will not be realised. And yes, students from disadvantaged backgrounds will almost certainly be put off applying for the best universities or indeed any university at all. The only question left is why we ever expected more from the promises of a man who turned his back on the very pledge that bought him his position in the cabinet in the first place.

From the 17th Century to Present Day - 1925 Words

The Evolution of Theater from the 17th Century to Present Day (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Evolution of Theater from the 17th Century to Present DayAuthors NameInstitutional Affiliation The Evolution of Theater from the 17th Century to Present DayTheater like any other form of human activities has undergone many changes. This has been necessitated by changes in cultural settings, demographical adjustments, industrial revolution, and technological advancement. All these factors have impacted on human activities shaping them in many ways. For instance, theaters have thrived during times when men valued leisure and suffered when cultures shifted towards more work and less leisure activities. The evolution of theatre can best be studied in the context of how they were organized, the plays or acts that took place in the theaters and the type of audience that was popular in the theaters. These factors are distinct in theaters mainly present in the early civilizations of Europe.The 16th century was characterized by a society stratified based on social classes. As Brook (1996) connotes, everyone attended the theaters in the early Greece, but where one sat was determined by their position in the society. This meant that the privileged in the society took up front seats while those of the lower classes and women enjoyed the plays from the back. Brook also notes that the seats were made in a discriminatory manner with cushioned seats made available only for those in the upper strata of the society. The arrangement was common across many societies too.In England, the 17th century saw the sponsorship of theaters and production houses by the wealthy in the society. This saw the rise of playhouses associated to the royal family. Such theaters with names like The Kings Men, Lord Chamberlains Men, and The Princes Men rose to unprecedented success due to the support they received from their patrons (Brook, 1996). During the same time, actors and playwrighters became popular due to the high number of plays that they acted. Such popular artists of th is era include William Shakespeare and Sir William Davenant.The Roman theaters were pretty much like the Greek theaters only that their acts included more of human combat than artistic plays that characterized the English and Greek theaters. Theaters in the 17th century Rome were also used as arenas where public executions were held. The audience was not restricted but individuals social status determined where in the arena one sat. When events at the theaters turned more into regular gladiatorial contests, those who held to the Christian doctrines became opposed to theaters and all that they stood for. It was not long until the Roman Empire collapsed, further weakening theater development (Kraus et al., 2005).Historical occurrences in the various societies influenced theaters. In England, plagues were a major source of theater interruptions during the 17th and early 18th century. During such times, theaters were a target of the regulators who were tasked with ensuring that the plag ues did not spread. Seeing as it is that theaters were usually thronged by different types of people, it was hard arguing for their continuity anytime that London was threatened by a plague. Brook (1996) argues that it was during such a time that Shakespeare composed and developed a majority of his works.Another important occurrence that saw a change of theater activities is the puritan revolution that saw the rise of strictly Christian society that was purified of the evil nature of theaters and games. This era was characterized by strict adherence to the Christian doctrines with zero tolerance for any form of merrymaking. The playhouses were raided and those participating in theatrics arrested and punished. While it is believed that plays were still performed in private establishments, this period, known to many as the dark period, show little in terms of theater activities (Kraus et al., 2005).The restoration period saw theaters reopened and developed to exceed their earlier pros perity. Much of the restoration period theater was attributed to Sir William Davenant who had managed to defy the puritans rules and continued to stage plays under the guise of narratives and operas. When King Charles II was reinstated, he gave Sir Davenant exclusive monopoly rights to theatrics in London. Brook (1996) argues that this period was marked by a shift of attention more to the audience than to the performance. This was mainly due to a change in audience from a mixed lot to purely the privileged in the society. He argues that theater goers in the restoration period were keen on displaying their fashionable attires and being seen in the public places than on enjoying theatrics. This changed when a modification in the lighting systems shifted attention back on stage with lights above the audience dimming before a play begins.In the 18th century, theater was characterized by a more intense activity under the patented rights of two theater producers through a monopoly granted by King Charles to Sir William Davenant and Thomas Kiligrew. It also saw the rise of legitimate and illegitimate theater where non-patented theater houses staged plays that could not be categorized as the theater drama that had been patented. It included the development of melodramas where short plays were acted out with episodes separated by music. This made the theaters safe from being accused of infringing patent rights.The decline of religious control that had marked the puritan era also contributed to the growth of theaters in the 18th century. Kraus et al (2005) argue that while the church had drafted and implemented laws regulating leisure activities, people had managed to associate leisure with work thereby earning themselves some leeway into enjoying some form of amusements. This saw the return of musicals, dance, and lotteries that were used by the church to raise funds. With the continued loosening of the regulations, plays found their way back to the English society as well as to other regions that were under Puritanism.In America, theaters borrowed largely from the English society with its inception being after the puritan era ended (Kraus et al 2005). Many of the settlers in the New World were mainly concerned with achieving economic prosperity first before indulging in leisure activities like attending plays in theaters or participating in games. With time, however, the southern states were able to import the English culture of merrymaking, which incorporated performing plays in privately owned theaters (Sayre, 2010). The 18th century was marked by regulations on theaters and performing plays was largely prohibited across the country. It was not until the end of the century that theaters could perform legally and openly in the cities across the country (Dirks, 2005).While it was illegal to perform drama in America in the 18th century, it was not uncommon for playwrights to compose and perform in wealthy peoples large estates. Wealthy landowners in the southern states were able to arrange for plays to be dramatized in their big and affluent estates (Kraus et al., 2005). Kraus et al (2005) further indicate that playwrights in America at the time were mostly of European origin with plays performed from one city to the other in the style of the 17th century masquerade. This implies that theaters were not mainly constructed as fixed areas, but were made in the city that the masques went to perform.The 18th century marked the beginning of the Star System (Dirks, 2005). This was where actors rose to popularity due to their exemplary skills. Due to performers popularity, theaters were able to attract large crowds of people enabling theater owners to make huge profits. As a result, theaters were developed with a purpose of entertaining without depending on patronage from the wealthy, but now with confidence of making profits.The 19th century inherited the...

Bless Me Ultima The Growing Up Of A Young Boy - 680 Words

Bless me Ultima: The Growing up of a Young Boy Throughout the book Bless me Ultima, Tony, the young main character in the story, lost his innocence when exposed to the harsh world since he learned what life is really like. Ultima is a good witch who tries to guide Tony by teaching him morals and lessons. Narsico is percieved as the town drunk, but is a good person. Tenorio is the demon in this story, as he wants to destroy Ultima. This book is about Tonys experience in adjusting to the rough world at a relatively young age. Narsicos death with Tenorios desire to kill Tony made him realize his limitations and acknowledge the reality. Before these incidents, Tony imagined he could control incidents that happened†¦show more content†¦Before, Tonys parents, especially his mother, forced the religion of Christianity upon him. Tony believed it, since his parents did and he thought they were always right. Tonys parents did not him to question Catholisicm, but Florence made him realize you must question all beliefs at all angles. I personally think Tony will still believe in Catholisicm, but this event made him realize you must listen to all beliefs and question. Ultima told Tony he had to live to understand, since some questions are not answerable, and are only answerable through experience. Also, Tony learned from Ultima that recognition of your childhood is part of your future, and you must face the truth no matter how much agony you can suffer. When Tony was on his Uncles farm one summer, his Uncle told him to overlook differences, and evil is not evil, it is what you percieve of it. He also said people are not evil, they just have bad influences. If someone influential has a persuasive argument that seems to have a logical solution, people are influenced in a negative way since they do not know the whole story. In ways, Tony wishes Florence was with him, but he knows he can not look back on his life. He knows he must remember Florence, but if he kept dwelling on mourning for him, he would never be able to get on with his life. Yet, this made Tony realize he must wade through life, and you must not ever let evilShow MoreRelatedThematic Analysis Of Bless Me, Ultima1447 Words   |  6 PagesThematic Analysis of Bless Me, Ultima Bless me, Ultima is a book taking place in the 1940’s during world war ll in New Mexico, it is about a young boy named Antonio who is being torn this way and that by his mother, a Luna who wants solely for her son to become a man of knowledge and a priest. His father a Marez vaquero (cowboy) who wants him to be free like all the Marez men before him. Both parents are polar opposites from each other the Luna’s who represent the moon are quite, religious farmersRead MoreThe Struggles of Antonio826 Words   |  3 PagesBless Me, Ultima Essay The Struggles of Antonio In the beginning, Antonio is only six years old. He is at the center of a conflict between the Mà ¡rez values of his father and the Luna beliefs of his mother. His father would love for him to become a cowboy, but his mother desperately wants him to become a priest. â€Å" Once I had told my mother about my dreams, and she said they were visions from God and she was happy, because her own dream was that I should grow up an become a priest.† (4) All throughoutRead MoreEssay on Finding Ones Self879 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel, Bless Me, Ultima, Anaya presents the reader with the complications and difficulty of cultural identity and in the end suggests that a person can draw from several cultural traditions instead of just one in particular. 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Due to facing harsh realities, Antonio isRead MoreExamples Of Bless Me Ultima1246 Words   |  5 Pages Bless Me Ultima Topic 1 Amari Spleen Mr.Amoroso Pd.3 Spleen Page Two We wake up to the chirping of the birds and the annoying sound of our alarm clocks reminding us of the responsibilities that come about as the sun rises.After all the morning’s withdrawalsRead MoreEssay about Spirituality and Finding Ones Path in Life950 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerned with religion or religious matters†. In the book Bless Me Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya the themes of spirituality and independence are exactly what young Antonio is trying to find. This book portrays the struggles and positive experiences of a young boy on his route to finding his own identity. Finding your spirituality and your path in life is not easy for anyone and was proven very difficult for Antonio Marez. 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Bless Me, Ultima is a novel by Rudolfo Anaya about a young Chicano boy, Antonio Juan Marez y Luna, who is growing up and seeing the world for how cruel it really is. A wise old curandera, or faith healer, Ultima, arrives just before Tony receives his first glimpse into the world of men. Ultima gives Tony spiritual healing throughoutRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1002 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Antonio matures a great deal for his age due to the violent actions he is surrounded by.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of the novel the main character Antonio Marez, who was just six years old at the time, lives in a small town located in New Mexico. He lives with his parents, Maria and Gabriel, and two sisters, Deborah and Theresa. Tony also has three older brothers, but they are off fighting at War. During this t ime an older women by the name of La GrandeRead MoreBless Me Ultima Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesBless Me Ultima LAP Topic 2 ​​​​ Brian Sandoval ​​​​Mr. Amoroso ​​​​AP Literature Period 1  Brian Sandoval​​​​​​​​9/20/17 Mr. Amoroso​​​​​​​​​AP Literature Bless Me Ultima Topic 2 ​The demons that haunt one by day do not go away by night; they merely lie in wait until one is sound asleep, ready to strike once more. Dreams are manifestations of one’s inner thoughts, both pleasurable and frightening. It is the brain’s way of working through the problems that plague the mind, serving as a warning

The Ethics Of Mental Health Nursing - 1596 Words

In order to address the moral theory and moral principles that underpin the ethics of mental health nursing, I intend to demonstrate how clinical decision making mental health nursing is formulated based on the chosen moral principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and ‘respect for autonomy’ (NHS, 2015). I will also be considering the influence of consequentialist theory in mental health nursing, as I believe this to be the ethical core of the debate. Consequentialist theory dictates that moral justification for the clinical rationale process by health professionals lies in the result of the process as a whole. This ‘all or nothing’ view of mental healthcare can be seen as the conceptual ancestor of modern day ‘best interest’ practices, and an ethical chrysalis that patient advocacy can also draw its roots. (Miller-Keane, 2003) From our given scenario (see appendix); some of the staff that believe Paul should be restrained into the bath in order to stave off further illness, despite the distress that this process would cause him, logically this the most appropriate course of action, as it was not morally justifiable to cause distress to the patient in order to alleviate a more pressing need. if however the continuation of suffering through the lack of action regarding Paul’s physical healthcare deterioration, is held to be the highest moral regard, the very act of omission or failing to act where it was reasonably practicable for the team to intervene in his healthcare,Show MoreRelatedNursing Ethics : The Four Biomedical Principles Of Nursing1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing and exploring the four biomedical principles of nursing which refer to: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. 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Marquis de Lafayette, French and American Revolutionary

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (September 6, 1757–May 20, 1834) was a French aristocrat who gained fame as an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Arriving in North America in 1777, he quickly formed a bond with General George Washington and initially served as an aide to the American leader. Proving a skilled and dependable commander, Lafayette earned greater responsibility as the conflict progressed and played a key part in obtaining aid from France for the American cause. Fast Facts: Marquis de Lafayette Known For: French aristocrat who fought as an officer for the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and later, the French RevolutionBorn: September 6, 1757 in Chavaniac, FranceParents: Michel du Motier and Marie de La Rivià ¨reDied: May 20, 1834 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge du Plessis and the Versailles AcademySpouse: Marie Adrienne Franà §oise de Noailles (m. 1774)Children: Henriette du Motier, Anastasie Louise Pauline du Motier, Georges Washington Louis Gilbert du Motier, Marie Antoinette Virginie du Motier Returning home after the war, Lafayette served in a central role during the early years of the French Revolution and helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Falling from favor, he was jailed for five years before being released in 1797. With the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Lafayette began a long career as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Early Life Born September 6, 1757, at Chavaniac, France, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was the son of Michel du Motier and Marie de La Rivià ¨re. A long-established military family, an ancestor had served with Joan of Arc at the Siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years War. A colonel in the French Army, Michel fought in the Seven Years War and was killed by a cannonball at the Battle of Minden in August 1759. Raised by his mother and grandparents, the young marquis was sent to Paris for education at the Collà ¨ge du Plessis and the Versailles Academy. While in Paris, Lafayettes mother died. Gaining military training, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Musketeers of the Guard on April 9, 1771. Three years later, he married Marie Adrienne Franà §oise de Noailles on April 11, 1774. In the Army Through Adriennes dowry he received a promotion to captain in the Noailles Dragoons Regiment. After their marriage, the young couple lived near Versailles while Lafayette completed his schooling at the Acadà ©mie de Versailles. While training at Metz in 1775, Lafayette met the Comte de Broglie, commander of the Army of the East. Taking a liking to the young man, de Broglie invited him to join the Freemasons. Through his affiliation in this group, Lafayette learned of the tensions between Britain and its American colonies. By participating in the Freemasons and other thinking groups in Paris, Lafayette became an advocate for the rights of man and the abolition of slavery. As the conflict in the colonies evolved into open warfare, he came to believe that the ideals of the American cause closely reflected his own. Coming  to America In December 1776, with the American Revolution raging, Lafayette lobbied to go to America. Meeting with American agent Silas Deane, he accepted an offer to enter American service as a major general. Learning of this, his father-in-law, Jean de Noailles, had Lafayette assigned to Britain as he did not approve of Lafayettes American interests. During a brief posting in London, he was received by King George III and met several future antagonists, including Major General Sir Henry Clinton. Returning to France, he obtained aid from de Broglie and Johann de Kalb to advance his American ambitions. Learning of this,  de Noailles sought aid from King Louis XVI who issued a decree banning French officers from serving in America. Though forbidden by King Louis XVI to go, Lafayette purchased a ship, Victoire, and evaded efforts to detain him. Reaching Bordeaux, he boarded Victoire and put to sea on April 20, 1777. Landing near Georgetown, South Carolina, on June 13, Lafayette briefly stayed with Major Benjamin Huger before proceeding to Philadelphia. Arriving, Congress initially rebuffed him as they were tired of Deane sending French glory seekers. After offering to serve without pay, and aided by his Masonic connections, Lafayette received his commission but it was dated July 31, 1777, rather than the date of his agreement with Deane and he was not assigned a unit. For these reasons, he nearly returned home; however, Benjamin Franklin dispatched a letter to General George Washington asking the American commander to accept the young Frenchman as an aide-de-camp. The two first met on August 5, 1777, at a dinner in Philadelphia and immediately formed a lasting rapport.   First meeting of the Marquis de Lafayette and George Washington, 1777. Library of Congress Into the Fight Accepted onto Washingtons staff, Lafayette first saw action at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777. Outflanked by the British, Washington allowed Lafayette to join Major General John Sullivans men. While attempting to rally Brigadier General Thomas Conways Third Pennsylvania Brigade, Lafayette was wounded in the leg but did not seek treatment until an orderly retreat was organized. For his actions, Washington cited him for bravery and military ardour and recommended him for divisional command. Briefly leaving the army, Lafayette traveled to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania to recuperate from his wound. Recovering, he assumed command of Major General Adam Stephens division after that general was relieved following the Battle of Germantown. With this force, Lafayette saw action in New Jersey while serving under Major General Nathanael Greene.  This included winning a victory at the Battle of Gloucester on November 25 which saw his troops defeat British forces under Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Rejoining the army at Valley Forge, Lafayette was asked by Major General Horatio Gates and the Board of War to proceed to Albany to organize an invasion of Canada. Before leaving, Lafayette alerted Washington about his suspicions regarding Conways efforts to have him removed from command of the army. Arriving at Albany, he found that there were too few men present for an invasion and after negotiating an alliance with the Oneidas he returned to Valley Forge. Rejoining Washingtons army, Lafayette was critical of the boards decision to attempt an invasion of Canada during the winter. In May 1778, Washington dispatched Lafayette with 2,200 men to ascertain British intentions outside Philadelphia. Further Campaigns Aware of Lafayettes presence, the British marched out of the city with 5,000 men in an effort to capture him. In the resulting Battle of Barren Hill, Lafayette was skillfully able to extract his command and rejoin Washington. The following month, he saw action at the Battle of Monmouth as Washington attempted to attack Clinton as he withdrew to New York. In July, Greene and Lafayette were dispatched to Rhode Island to aid Sullivan with his efforts to expel the British from the colony. The operation centered on cooperation with a French fleet led Admiral Comte de dEstaing. This was not forthcoming as dEstaing departed for Boston to repair his ships after they were damaged in a storm. This action angered the Americans as they felt that they had been abandoned by their ally. Racing to Boston, Lafayette worked to smooth things over after a riot resulting from dEstaings actions erupted. Concerned about the alliance, Lafayette asked for leave to return to France to ensure its continuance. Granted, he arrived in February 1779 and was briefly detained for his earlier disobedience to the king. Virginia Yorktown Working with Franklin, Lafayette lobbied for additional troops and supplies. Granted 6,000 men under General Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau, he returned to America in May 1781. Sent to Virginia by Washington, he conducted operations against the traitor Benedict Arnold and shadowed Cornwallis army as it moved north. Nearly trapped at the Battle of Green Spring in July, Lafayette monitored British activities until the arrival of Washingtons army in September. Taking part in the Siege of Yorktown, Lafayette was present at the British surrender. Return to France Sailing home to France in December 1781, Lafayette was received at Versailles and promoted to field marshal. After aiding in planning an aborted expedition to the West Indies, he worked with Thomas Jefferson to develop trade agreements. Returning to America in 1782, he toured the country and received several honors. Remaining active in American affairs, he routinely met with the new countrys representatives in France. French Revolution On December 29, 1786, King Louis XVI appointed Lafayette to the Assembly of Notables which was convened to address the nations worsening finances. Arguing for spending cuts, he was one who called for the convening of the Estates General. Elected to represent the nobility from Riom, he was present when the Estates General opened on May 5, 1789. Following the Oath of the Tennis Court and the creation of the National Assembly, Lafayette joined the new body and on July 11, 1789, he presented a draft of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Lieutenant General Marquis de Lafayette, 1791. Public Domain Appointed to lead the new National Guard on July 15, Lafayette worked to maintain order. Protecting the king during the March on Versailles in October, he diffused the situation—although the crowd demanded that Louis move to the Tuileries Palace in Paris. He was again called to the Tuileries on February 28, 1791, when several hundred armed aristocrats surrounded the palace in an effort to defend the king. Dubbed the Day of Daggers, Lafayettes men disarmed the group and arrested many of them. Later Life After a failed escape attempt by the king that summer, Lafayettes political capital began to erode. Accused of being a royalist, he sunk further after the Champ de Mars Massacre when National Guardsmen fired into a crowd. Returning home in 1792, he was soon appointed to lead one of the French armies during the War of the First Coalition. Working for peace, he sought to shut down the radical clubs in Paris. Branded a traitor, he attempted to flee to the Dutch Republic but was captured by the Austrians. Marquis de Lafayette, 1825. National Portrait Gallery Held in prison, he was finally released by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797. Largely retiring from public life, he accepted a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 1815. In 1824, he made one final tour of America and was hailed as a hero. Six years later, he declined the dictatorship of France during the July Revolution and Louis-Phillipe was crowned king. The first person granted honorary United States citizenship, Lafayette died on May 20, 1834, at the age of 76. Sources Unger, Harlow Giles. Lafayette. New York: Wiley, 2003.Levasseur, A. Lafayette in America in 1824 and 1825; or, Journal of a Voyage to the United States. Trans. Godman, John D. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea, 1829.Kramer, Lloyd S. Lafayette and the Historians: Changing Symbol, Changing Needs, 1834–1984. Historical Reflections / Rà ©flexions Historiques 11.3 (1984): 373–401. Print.Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolutions. Raleigh: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

The Spirit Is Not Our Inheritance - 2505 Words

â€Å"Salvation is the work of the Father, Son, and Spirit on our behalf. The Father knew those who would be saved even before He made the world. He sent the Son to become one of us, to give His life to pay the penalty for our sins, and to be raised from the dead to give us assurance of eternal life. Believers receive the Holy Spirit as a deposit, a down payment, a seal, and as the firstfruits of our inheritance (Romans. 8:23). The Spirit is not our inheritance; He is the beginning of an indescribable inheritance yet to come (Ephesians. 1:14).† (Holsteen and Svigel) It is a commonly held understanding that in order to attain eternal life in Heaven man must seek salvation. Being that is the only means by which mankind can be emancipated from a†¦show more content†¦The Scriptures show us that God placing has allowed humans the ability to decide their destiny. â€Å"I call heaven and earth as witnesses today against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing; therefore choose life† (Deuteronomy 30:19. Holy Bible: NIV). The elemental significance for the need for mankind to be converted back from a sinful nature is found in the Scriptures which teaches that all men are lost in sin and are in need of salvation. â€Å"If our Gospel be hid, it is hid to them that are lost (2 Corinthians 4:3. Holy Bible: KJV). Therefore, if any man does not choose salvation after it has been offered to him, he will remain lost and unsaved, because â€Å"For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost (Luke 19:10. Holy Bible: NIV). â€Å"Salvation in its theological sense denotes, negatively, deliverance from sin, death, and divine wrath and, positively, the bestowal of far-ranging spiritual blessings both temporal and eternal.† (Demarest and Feinberg) Salvation, from the time of the Old Testament, has been based on a provisional promise that was most often described as a way of deliverance, danger, or bondage. In the New Testament, however, salvation was a gift promised to those who personally â€Å"respond to the invitation from Christ Himself† (Grudem) which was only offered because of God’s intervention. The need of salvation is the need to be reconciled backShow MoreRelatedCultural Differences In Mothers Inheritance By Joanita Male1724 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences these two pieces of literature can be compared on the basis of their literary contents and their culture expression. 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