Certificado para demostrar ciudadanía estadounidense

Certificado para demostrar ciudadanà ­a estadounidense El certificado de ciudadanà ­a estadounidense es un documento emitido por el gobierno de Estados Unidos que sirve para acreditar que una persona tiene la nacionalidad estadounidense. Su nombre en inglà ©s es Certificate of Citizenship. Certificado de ciudadanà ­a estadounidense El certificado de ciudadanà ­a es un documento que se puede utilizar para acreditar la nacionalidad de EE.UU. en los siguientes casos:Estadounidenses nacidos en otro paà ­s que adquieren la nacionalidad a travà ©s de padre/madre en momento de nacimientoNià ±os extranjeros adoptados por estadounidensesMenores de 18 aà ±os nacidos fuera de EE.UU. que se convierten en ciudadanos de forma derivada cuando uno de los padres se naturaliza y se cumplen todos los requisitos.Casos especiales para muchachos menores de 18 aà ±os a fecha de 27 de febrero de 2001 y se encontraban en EE.UU. como residentes permanentes.En todos los dems casos no incluidos en los tres anteriores los ciudadanos estadounidenses pueden acreditar su condicià ³n por medio de otros documentos.  ¿Quià ©nes pueden solicitar el Certificado de ciudadanà ­a? Pueden solicitar este certificacià ³n las personas que recaen en una de las categorà ­as siguientes: En primer lugar, las personas que nacen en otro paà ­s y son ciudadanos americanos a travà ©s de padre o madre desde el momento de su nacimiento. Cabe destacar que la ley actual contempla requisitos diferentes si el progenitor americano es el padre o la madre o si son solteros o casados. La ley actual aplica a las personas nacidas despuà ©s del 17 de noviembre de 1986. Para las nacidas con anterioridad a esa fecha debern comprobar la ley que se aplicaba en el momento de su nacimiento. En segundo lugar, los nacidos fuera de Estados Unidos y que adquieren la ciudadanà ­a de forma derivada por sus padres en algà ºn momento despuà ©s de su nacimiento y antes de cumplir los 18 aà ±os de edad. Hay que tener en cuenta que si el que se  naturaliza es el padre,  los hijos han de ser legà ­timos o ser legitimados antes de que los menores cumplan los 16 aà ±os y adems tienen que vivir con el padre que los legitima. Adems, es requisito imprescindible que los menores tengan su propia tarjeta de residencia permanente y residan habitualmente en EE.UU. con el padre o la madre que se naturaliza. En otras palabras, si el menor de 18 aà ±os reside fuera de los EE.UU. o, residiendo en el paà ­s, no tiene su propia green card, no adquiere de forma automtica la nacionalidad estadounidense cuando su padre o madre se naturaliza. Tampoco la adquiere si no convive con el progenitor que se naturaliza. En tercer lugar, los  adoptados por un ciudadano estadounidense. Los nacidos fuera de Estados Unidos que son adoptados por un ciudadano  y que entran al paà ­s como un IR-3 adquieren automticamente la ciudadanà ­a. En el caso de que la adopcià ³n no fuera final, deber esperar a que à ©sta se produzca. Estas personas tambià ©n pueden acreditar su nueva nacionalidad con este certificado. Y en cuarto lugar, los casos especiales de los extranjeros que eran menores de 18 aà ±os antes del 27 de febrero de 2001 y que vivà ­an en Estados Unidos como residentes permanentes legales pueden tambià ©n solicitar un certificado de ciudadanà ­a si: Antes de esa fecha ambos padres se naturalizarono en el caso de viudedad lo hizo el padre sobrevivienteo en los casos de separacià ³n o divorcio o semejantes solo uno de los padres tenà ­a la guardia y custodia sobre el menor y à ©ste es el progenitor que se naturalizà ³. Los ciudadanos estadounidenses no incluidos en los casos anteriormente expuestos pueden acreditar su nacionalidad mediante otros documentos como, por ejemplo, el pasaporte de EE.UU., el certificado de nacimiento o el de naturalizacià ³n, el Reporte Consular de Nacimiento en el Exterior, etc. Trmites para pedir el certificado de ciudadanà ­a Como regla general y salvo la excepcià ³n que se especifica en este artà ­culo ms abajo, debe llenarse la  planilla a rellenar es la N-600  para solicitar el certificado de ciudadanà ­a. Es importante resaltar que se puede completar esta planilla en cualquier momento, incluso despuà ©s de cumplir los 18 aà ±os.   Lo importante es que los requisitos se cumplà ­an todos antes de cumplir esos aà ±os. Si se solicita el certificado de ciudadanà ­a para un menor, puede hacerlo a su nombre el padre o madre o guardin legal que tenga la guardia y custodia legal y fà ­sica del nià ±o o nià ±a. No pueden rellenar la planilla N-600 las personas que se encuentren en una de las siguientes situaciones: los hijastros de ciudadanos americanos, para los que sà ­ se puede solicitar una tarjeta de residencia.Tampoco pueden solicitar este certificado los hijos no reconocidos como legà ­timos por su padre ciudadano antes de cumplir los 16 aà ±os de edad.  Ni las personas que han llenado previamente este formulario y el USCIS ya se ha pronunciado. Asimismo tener en cuenta que en el caso de hijos de ciudadanos que residen habitualmente fuera de los Estados Unidos el formulario a llenar es el N-600K. Adems,tanto si corresponde el N-600 como el N-600K  debe incluirse una serie de documentacià ³n para acreditar la ciudadanà ­a y la causa por la que se adquirià ³. Verificar el listado de todos la papelerà ­a que es necesaria y prestar atencià ³n ya que los requisitos varà ­an segà ºn la causa por la que se alega que se es ciudadano. El arancel a pagar es de $1.170 y es gratis para miembro en activo o veteranos del Ejà ©rcito. Se puede pagar mediante money order o cheque pagadero al U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Nunca utilizar abreviaciones y se deben observar todas las reglas necesarias para completar las planillas de inmigracià ³n. Por à ºltimo, el formulario firmado y la documentacià ³n adjunta debe enviarse por correo ordinario a: USCISP.O.Box 20100Phoenix, AZ 85036 Sin embargo, si se utiliza el servicio de correo exprà ©s, la direccià ³n es la siguiente: USCISAttn: Form N-6001820 E. Skyharbor Circle SSuite 100Phoenix, AZ 85034 En la actualidad es posible llenar este formulario online en la pgina oficial de USCIS. Quà © hacer si el certificado de ciudadanà ­a se extravà ­a, se daà ±a o es robado En estos casos se puede solicitar uno de reemplazo. Para ello completar el formulario N-565 y enviarlo al USCIS con la documentacià ³n de apoyo y el pago de la cuota correspondiente. Tips sobre la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense La ciudadanà ­a americana brinda, sin duda, excelentes ventajas e incluso derechos ms importantes que ser simplemente residente permanente. Pero no olvidar que tambià ©n conlleva obligaciones, como por ejemplo el Servicio Selectivo para el caso de varones jà ³venes.   Por à ºltimo, aunque Estados Unidos admite las situaciones de doble nacionalidad, informarse sobre las causas que pueden dar lugar a que se pierda la ciudadanà ­a o que à ©sta pueda ser revocada. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Where people look online - Emphasis

Where people look online Where people look online Recent eyetracker research reveals that users of news websites look at the headlines first, rather than the images. The study, called Eyetrack III, from The Poynter Institute in the US, looks at how peoples eyes move, focus and skip while reading news websites. It found that people zoomed in on headlines first, although they tended to read only the first few words of the headline. Similarly, they scanned down the left-hand menu of headlines until something prompted them to read on. This and other findings from the research have important implications for those involved in creating online content. That people are attracted by headlines first online (as opposed to in print, where photos are generally viewed first, according to a 1990 study from the same institute) highlights the importance of gripping online readers in the first few words. The research also found that people devote less than an average of one second to scanning a headline, so your words need to captivate visitors almost instantly. Short and snappy headlines are clearly the order of the day when it comes to attracting and more importantly keeping website visitors. There are implications for email writing too. Subject lines should be fairly short and as self-explanatory as possible, with the key words first. Text: bigger is not always better Surprisingly the study found that smaller fonts encouraged people to focus and read content, rather than just scan it. This finding seems a little counter-intuitive, but suggests that if you want people to read closely, making the text size smaller may be a good idea. Obviously, this could be taken too far: try not to induce squinting, but choosing a small(ish) font may encourage your visitors to read more closely. People tended to just scan those news websites using large fonts. Paragraphs, too, should err on the side of short. The research found that people focused on shorter paragraphs twice as often as they did on long ones. Images: faces and click-throughs Although they werent the first thing the study participants looked at, pictures did tend eventually to draw the eye. And the bigger the image, the more attention it got. Seventy per cent viewed an average size photo, compared with a postage stamp sized picture, which caught the eye of only ten per cent. Pictures of clean, clear faces were the biggest draw (though not on stamps, presumably). Many of the test subjects tried to click on photos even though it got them nowhere. Picture links that lead somewhere useful could be a good way to cash in on this apparent reflex. And its an area that is often underutilised or overlooked when creating online content. Be careful with visual breaks Those participating in the study often didnt read blurbs beneath an underlined headline, and researchers found a similar phenomenon with adverts. Adverts were read less frequently if they were separated from editorial content and preceded by white space or a rule. So use lines, rules and other visual breaks with care. Eyetracking and the future The process of eyetracking, which youve guessed it tracks and records a persons eye movements while they are reading, has advanced greatly in the last 20 years. Where subjects once had to wear cumbersome (and, frankly, unflattering) camera headgear while under observation, now the technology consists of a small video camera, which is placed under the computer monitor being viewed. From there it locks onto and records the subjects gaze, making for a more natural experience and therefore providing more realistic results. The researchers themselves point out that research in this area is far from exhaustive (test subject groups tend to be quite small and variables are not always tightly controlled), but theyd like to see it continue. We hope that Eyetrack III is not seen as an end in itself, but rather as a beginning of a wave of eyetracking research that will benefit the news industry, say Steve Outing and Laura Ruel, the studys project managers. And with over 1.73 billion people currently logging on worldwide and the paperless office potentially just around the corner, it looks like this area of research is definitely something we should all keep an eye on. Emphasis runs a one-day course, called Writing web content with clout, which explores the specific skills required to write compelling web copy. Call us on +44 (0)1273 732 888 or email us to find out more.

Principal-agent theory provides definitive answers to how ownership Essay

Principal-agent theory provides definitive answers to how ownership and control problems should be overcome in particular firms - Essay Example As Lane indicates, the analysis of multifaceted private contracting initiated the development of the principal-agent theory. A difference can be made between temporary contracting as with the buying and selling of goods on the one hand and continuing contracting on the other hand whereby an individual hires another individual or group of individuals to work for them against compensation (2). A principal-agent correlation is a contract in which one or more individuals appoint another individual to carry out some service on their behalf whereby the former is the principal and the later is the agent. This entails entrusting some decision making power to the agent which is fairly common. For instance, a homeowner (principal) may employ a carpenter (agent) to repair her table while a client (principal) may hire a lawyer (agent) to defend his case. Principal-agent correlations also normally arise within organizations, even though the above two examples describe relations in a private setti ng. In organizations, the role of the principal is often played by the board of directors, which contracts a manager to manage the institution in the interest of the investors or in the interest of the stakeholders in the case of a nonprofit organization (Caers et.al, 26). Principal-agent theory is used to portray a dyadic relation between a buyer and a seller. At its most basic levels, this model originated from economics. In this relationship the buyer makes a deal with the seller and has the finances to acquire the seller’s service of the service. This means that the buyer has the control required to fund and realize the service that they require. Conversely, the seller can push the association to their favor and increase the price since they have more knowledge concerning the service they are providing than the buyer does. However, either the seller or buyer can employ this to their benefit depending on phrasing of the contract. Principal-agent theory assumes that the sel ler and the buyer do not yearn for a jointly beneficial result of the association, but would somewhat pay less or charge more than what the other is offering (Cohen, 5) In a principal-agent interaction at least two people are to partner in the formation of a service that has value. However, the two individuals are not of the same legal standing or partners. The agent is the individual who works for the principal while the principal puts up the payment for agent’s effort against the value that the agent gives to the principal in the form of a product of some sort. Consequently, principal-agent interaction is basically an agreement on how much of the value that the agent produces should go back to him/her as an earning. Nevertheless, what makes the principal-agent model unique is the extra assumption of asymmetric information, meaning that the agent knows more than the principal about the service under consideration in a manner that may influences the contracting results (Lane, 2). In the principal-agent model, the payoff to the principal relies on an action taken by the agent. The principal cannot contract for the action, but can pay off the agent founded on some evident sign that is associated with the action. The first mover is the principal who decides an incentive system for paying the agent depending on the apparent sign. On the hand, the agent decides the best action to take, given the incentives, and then chooses whether to accept the principal’s offer, based on the estimated payment and the prejudiced cost of carrying out the action. Upon agreeing, the agent decides an action that makes the most of his remunerations and the principal monitors the signal associated with t

Scientist Leonardo da Vinci Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scientist Leonardo da Vinci - Essay Example Da Vinci's art was an integral part of his science, and a way to enact the scientific discoveries that he was unlocking at the time. Leonardo da Vinci would immerse himself deeply in the observation of nature, and through meticulous study uncover the mysteries behind it. Still, it has been only recently that Da Vinci's scientific work has gained the recognition that it deserves, and the importance of his science continues to be revealed today. Leonardo Da Vinci was many things and had many talents, but when taken together he was first and foremost one of the most renowned scientists in the history of the new world. One of the most important features about Da Vinci the Scientist is that Leonardo considered himself a scientist above all, and all his other endeavors were supporting of his understanding of science. The fact that he considered himself a scientist first can be seen in one of his most famous works of art, the Vitruvian Man. While it is fundamentally a work of art, it combines anatomy, proportion, and geometry in an effort to link man, nature, and science. In Da Vinci's version of the Vitruvian Man, he had "developed an obsession with the infinity of geometric transformation as exhibited by his attempt to square the circle" and the image he created was of a female figure with "many of the traits still deemed ideal" (Papel, Thieme, and Frodel 97-98). The image is still used by the scientific and medical community as a point of reference for form and proportion. In this way, da Vinci had found a scientific expression for the beauty of the human body that has stood the test of centuries. To da Vinci, this was not simply art, but was more importantly a work of science containing a myriad of different disciplines. Understanding the importance of da Vinci as a scientist requires an understanding of how far ahead he was of the scientific thinking of the time. Da Vinci was one of the first and foremost proponents of the scientific method. A recent exhibit of "The Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci" presented at Hampden-Sydney College noted that da Vinci, the scientist, "recorded his observations meticulously and sought explanations by comparing one natural phenomenon with another. He conducted experiments to test and verify his hypotheses, recognizing that observations and experiments had to be repeated many times before generalized conclusions could be drawn" (Hampden-Sydney College). This approach to the study of nature fundamentally changed the ways in which the scientific community approached a problem and sough to gain truth. His careful observation of nature, the application to his inventions, and the revolutionary thinking is evidenced by his flying machines. In 1483 da Vinci designed a compl ex machine capable of hovering that would become a helicopter 500 years later (Castillo, Lozano, and Dzul 4). According to Anderson, "Interest in the 'proper' shape for an airfoil dates as far back as the late 15th century and Leonardo da Vinci's ornithopter designs" (304). These designs reflected da Vinci's scientific understanding of nature, and his drawings were merely his method of modeling and recording the science. In addition to being centuries ahead of the science and the scientists of his day, da Vinci was also one of the most prolific scientists in history. His scientific endeavors covered

Meaning of life - Philosophy of life Essay Example for Free

Meaning of life Philosophy of life Essay What is the meaning of life? The answer to this question has sought over since mankind became capable of exercising their brain capacity past a level of primal instinct. In general life is rather meaningless, we all simply exist together on this planet. But before one dwells on the pointlessness of human existence, they should think about the purpose of each individual person in our society. We create goals for ourselves; we all have a role to play in our society. In a sense, we choose our future and in doing so, give ourselves a purpose to live. The purpose of human existence in general may be absent, but in our society and through our goals and achievements, I believe each individual creates their own purpose. Through one question I realized this great truth: what do you want to be when you grow up? For the longest time, I didn’t know what I wanted to be when I grew up. What did it matter to me anyway? I was a kid (well, I suppose I still am) and didn’t like any of the generic jobs they told us about in elementary school. Police force, teachers, fireman, none of them interested me. Then, in middle school, my life changed, a lot. I got completely new friends, after the old ones left me behind. I slowly started to become more and more enclosed, I spent most of my time out of school alone. As I developed into this over-dramatic teenage state, life suddenly became meaningless. I would often find myself sitting bored in my room, mindlessly surfing the internet or playing videogames. I slowly started to hate it; it was like I could feel my brain melting inside my head. I needed to find a more constructive hobby, and so I found myself musical instruments and started creating more and more music every day. Music became my life and from then on, I knew that my goal, the meaning of my life, was to become a musician. I believe that life was meant to be enjoyed; nobody wants to spend their life in a dead end job. After all, just how much meaning is in an unhappy life? Just ask Monty Python’s John Cleese, who states, â€Å"If I had not gone into Monty Python, I probably would have stuck to my original plan to graduate and become a chartered accountant, or perhaps a barrister lawyer, and gotten a nice house in the suburbs with a nice wife and kids, and gotten a country club membership, and then I would have killed myself. † I find this quote strongly inspiring because instead of choosing a highly respectable, well paying job and living a comfortable life, he choose to work with some of most popular men to ever wear woman’s clothing. Comedy is what he finds gives meaning to his life, and although his second choices would have been nice, Cleese didn’t find as much value in them as he did in Monty Python. Perhaps life itself is meaningless, but I believe it doesn’t have to be. I believe that a happy life is a meaningful one. I believe that mankind may not collectively have a reason for existence or a common goal, but each individual certainly does. I believe that each and every person has to create their own reason to live, instead of waiting for that reason to come to them, or they must just find themselves waiting forever.

Culture :: essays papers

Culture Israeli culture reflects the diverse background of its people. The country's most successful writers draw their inspiration from Jewish tradition. Such writers have included the novelist Shmuel Yosef Agnon, co-winner of the 1966 Nobel Prize in literature, and the philosopher Martin Buber. The foremost orchestra of the nation, the Israel Philharmonic, attracts a number of world-famous conductors and soloists each year. A vigorous tradition of folk song, in which the influence of Oriental Jewish music is strongly felt, thrives in Israel, as does folk dance. The Israel National Theater, in Tel Aviv, is notable. Israel has more than 130 museums, two of the most prominent being the Tel Aviv Museum of Art and the Israel Museum, in Jerusalem, which houses a large collection of Jewish folk art, a collection of modern sculpture, and biblical and archaeological artifacts. The Shrine of the Book, a part of the Israel Museum, houses a notable collection of Dead Sea Scrolls. Of the more than 500 public libraries in the country, the most important is the Jewish National and University Library on the campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which contains approximately 4 million volumes.1 Religion The affairs of the three major religions, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, are overseen by the ministry of religious affairs through councils established by the various religions. Jewish holy days and the weekly Sabbath are, by law, observed throughout the country, and only kosher food is served in the army, hospitals, and other official institutions. About 82 percent of Israel's Arabs are Muslim, and most of the rest are Christian. Languages Hebrew and Arabic are the country's official languages. The most widely spoken language is Hebrew, but Arabic is used frequently in schools, legal affairs, and the legislature. Many Israeli residents speak English, Yiddish, Russian, or any of a number of other European languages. Education Israel's educational tradition reaches back to biblical times, although the country did not become a modern independent state until 1948. During the ancient period, schools of all levels were in existence, and through the centuries elementary and secondary education and, to a large extent, higher learning continued under various ruling factions. The Compulsory Education Law of 1949, as amended, provides for free and compulsory elementary education for all children between 5 and 16 years of age. Reform continued with the State Education Law of 1953, which established a national system of public secondary schools. Higher education is governed by a law enacted in 1958, which set up a council to control universities and other higher educational institutions, such as the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1918); the Technion^Ãâ€"Israel Institute of Technology (1912),

Historical Perspectives on Curriculum Development Essay

The development of curriculum in history is basically founded on five outstanding motives: : The development of curriculum in history is basically founded on five outstanding motives: The religious The political The utilitarian The mass education motive The traditional versus modern dimension of the curriculum : Traditional Schools : Traditional Schools Traditional Schools defined curriculum as a group of subjects arranged in a certain sequences peculiar to the subject filed for the purpose of instruction. Unique needs and interests have been placed second to the â€Å"common needs of all† Modern Dimension of Curriculum : Modern Dimension of Curriculum Modern Dimension of curriculum consists of all experiences for learning which are planned and organized by the school. It is composed of the actual experiences and activities of learners inside or outside the classroom under the guidance of the teacher and or which the school accepts responsibility. Definitions of Curriculum : Definitions of Curriculum Some authors define curriculum as â€Å"the total effort of the school to bring about desired out-comes in school and out-of school situations† or â€Å"a sequence of potential experiences set up in school for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting†. Curriculum Planning : Curriculum Planning Curriculum plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners. Curriculum guide is a written curriculum Curriculum planning is the process whereby the  arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created. Curriculum Planning : Curriculum Planning Curriculum planning It is the process of preparing for the duties of teaching, deciding upon goals and emphases, determining curriculum content, selecting learning resources and classroom procedures, evaluating progress, and looking toward steps. Curriculum Development : Curriculum Development It is defined as the process of selecting, organizing, executing, and evaluating learning experiences on the basis of the needs, abilities, and interests of learners and nature of the society or community. Curriculum Laboratory : Curriculum Laboratory Curriculum Laboratory is a place or workshop where curriculum materials are gathered or used by teachers or learners of curriculum. Curriculum Laboratory : Curriculum Laboratory Resource Unit is a collection or suggested learning activities and materials organized around a given topic or area which a teacher might utilized in planning, developing, and evaluating a learning unit. Curriculum Laboratory : Curriculum Laboratory Parts of Resource Unit Introduction or short explanation of the importance of the topic; Objective or anticipated outcomes; Content of the unit: Unit activities; Evaluation; and Bibliography Course of the study : Course of the study It is an official guide prepared for use by the administrators, supervisors, and teachers of a particular school system as an aid to teaching a given subject or areas of study for a given level or grade, combinations of grades or other designated class or group of learners. Course of the study : Course of the study It is usually includes the following: Aims of the course; the expected outcomes; the scope and nature of materials to be studied; Suitable instructional aids; Course of the study : Course of the study Textbooks; Supplementary activities; Teaching methods; and Techniques of evaluation of achievements. Two schools of thought predominated throughout the history of curriculum development; : Two schools of thought predominated throughout the history of curriculum development; The essentialist school The progressive school The essentialist school : The essentialist school It considers the curriculum as something rigid consisting of discipline subjects. It considers all learners as much as the same and it aims to fit the learner into the existing social order and thereby maintain the status quo., Its major motivation is discipline and considers freedom as an outcome and not means of education. The essentialist school : The essentialist school Its approach is authoritative and the teacher’s role is to assign lessons and recite recitations. It is book-centered and the methods recommended are memory work, mastery of facts and skills, and development of abstract intelligence. It has no interest in social action and life activities. Its measurement of outcomes is standard tests based on subject matter mastery The progressive school : The progressive school It conceives of the curriculum as something flexible based on areas of interest. It is learner-centered, having in mind that no two persons are alike. Its factor of motivation is individual achievement believing that persons are naturally good. The role of the teacher is to stimulate direct learning process. The progressive school : The progressive school It uses a life experience approach to fit the student for future social action. Constant revision of aims and experimental techniques of learning and teaching are imperative in curriculum development in order to create independent thinking, initiative, self-reliance, individuality, self-expression and activity in the learner. Its measurements outcome is now devices taking into consideration subject matter and personality values. Slide 21: Curriculum Development in the Philippines The Pre-Spanish Curriculum : The Pre-Spanish Curriculum The Filipinos possessed a culture of their own. They had contacts with other foreign peoples from Arabia, India, China, Indo-China and Borneo. The Pre-Spanish Curriculum : The Pre-Spanish Curriculum â€Å"The inhabitants were a civilized people, possessing their systems of writing, laws and moral standards in a well-organized system of government. As shown in the rule of the barangay, their code of laws-the Code of Kalantiao and Maragtas-their belief in the Bathala, and the solidarity of the family were obedience and respect had been practiced. The Spanish-devised Curriculum : The Spanish-devised Curriculum The Spanish missionaries aim to control of the Filipinos, body and soul. The curriculum then consisted of the three R’s- reading, writing and religion to attain goals were the acceptance of Catholicism and the acceptance of Spanish rule. The schools were parochial or convent schools. The main reading materials were the cartilla, the caton and the catecismo. The method of instructions was mainly individual memorization. The Curriculum During the Commonwealth : The Curriculum During the Commonwealth The period of the Commonwealth (1935-1946) may be considered as the period of expansion and reform in the Philippine curriculum. The educational leaders expanded the curriculum by introducing course in farming, domestic science, etc. Commonwealth Act 586, also known as Educational Act of 1940, reorganized the elementary school system. This measured ushered the beginning of the decline of the efficiency of elementary education The Japanese-devised Curriculum : The Japanese-devised Curriculum They devised the curriculum for the Filipino to suit their vested interest. They introduced many changes in the curriculum by including Nippongo and abolishing English as a medium of instruction and as a subject. All textbooks were censored and revised. It causes a blackout in Philippines education and impeded the educational progress of the Filipinos The Liberation Period : The Liberation Period In 1945, during the liberation period, steps were taken to improve the curriculum existing before the war. Some steps taken were to restore Grade VII, to abolish the double-single session and most especially, to adopt the modern trends in education taken from the United States. The school curriculum remained basically the same as before and was still subject-centered. The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic : The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic Great experiments in the community school idea and the use vernacular in the first two grades of the primary schools as the medium of instruction were some of them. An experiment worth mentioning that led to a change in the Philippine educational philosophy was that of school and community collaboration pioneered by Jose V. Aguilar. The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic : The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic It is a source of gratification also to note that our schools are increasingly using instructional materials  that are Philippine-oriented. This policy been formulated by our educational leaders, the most recent example of which being Department Memorandum No. 30, 1966. The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic : The Curriculum During the Philippine Republic This particular memorandum sets the order of priority in the purchase of books for use in our schools as follows: a. Books which are contributions to Philippine Literature. b. Books on character education and other library materials. c. Library equipment and permanent features. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society â€Å"To guarantee that the educational system would be relevant and responsive to the challenges and requirements of national, provincial and local development.† President Ferdinand Marcos pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081 issued last Sept. 29, 1972, Decree No. 6 known as the Educational Development Decree of 1972, to take effect immediately. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society To advance its objectives, the Educational Development Decree has formulated a ten-year program based on a number of principle, among them: improvement of curricular programs and quality of instruction at all levels by upgrading physical facilities; adopting cost-saving instructional technology and training and retaining of teachers and administrators; upgrading of academic standards through accreditation schemes, admissions testing and guidance counseling; and democratization of access to education by financial assistance to poor but deserving students, skills training programs for out of school youth and a continuing educational program for illiterate adults. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society The emphasis of the New Society is on moral values, relevance, proper methods of teaching, retraining of teachers, vocational and technical education, bilingualism, national consciousness and cultural values. Community in The New Society : Community in The New Society The curricular redirection of the New Society: 1. Should be redirected on development of moral virtues 2. As a means of integrating education and life 3. Should reflect the urgent need and problems facing the country today 4. Should be viewed in terms of learning to be acquired 5. All teaching shall seek to develop comprehensive under- standing of all subjects 6. Co-curricular youth programs shall be restructured and enriched 7. Non-formal education shall be recognized

Case 1-3 the Coca Cola Co

Case 1-3 Coca Cola Co Coca-Cola is an iconic symbol of Americana that has deep roots in our society and a presence throughout the globe. The brand has permeated into clothing, household items, electronics and more, with brand recognition and customer loyalty rivaled by none. Throughout its history until the late 1990s the Coca Cola Company, based in Atlanta, Georgia, has put all its eggs into the carbonated beverage basket. With scientific advances and an increasingly health conscious public, Coca Cola has been forced to modify their product line to include â€Å"healthier† products and recipes.Ingredients in Coke products such as High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS/corn sugar) and aspartame are now being sold as a healthy alternative to sugar, when they are as unhealthy as sugar if not worse. Although promoted as healthier, independent health and nutrition experts, through peer reviewed research, have scientifically proven otherwise. The Coca Cola Company will need to continue to sacrifice short-term high profit margins for long term growth by re-examining their ingredients as well as further diversifying their product line to adapt to a more sophisticated and informed health conscious consumer.The Coca Cola Company was incorporated in 1892 by Asa Candler after purchasing the brand and formula from inventor, John Stith Pemberton, in 1889 (â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†, 2012). Throughout its history the company has focused primarily on carbonated beverages with its flagship product, Coca Cola, developed to become one of the world’s most powerful brands (Abramovitch, 2011). In addition to Coke, the majority of revenues are generated from Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Although they consider themselves the â€Å"kings of carbonation† (Cravens, 2009, p. 4, para. 3), in 1960 they began to diversify by purchasing Minute Maid and Belmont Spring Water Co. in addition to merging with Duncan Foods (â€Å"The Coca Cola Company†, 2005). Cokeâ₠¬â„¢s primary business model is to manufacture syrup and sell it at high profit margins to a large network of independent bottlers who in turn sell it to retail outlets. Although this model has helped them to show higher profit margins, it also worked to disguise financial troubles from debt and independent bottler relations (Cravens, 2009).Based on deceitful earnings facilitated by shady, yet legal, financial finagling, plus extraordinary income from buying and selling bottlers, Coke was able to exploit the exaggerated success of the business as exhibited both internally by a dysfunctional culture cultivated by a lingering false sense of success stemming from their glory years, and externally as a 3,500% increase of stock (Cravens, 2009) which in-turn stayed in decline between 1998 through 2007 (Coca Cola Historical Stock Prices, 2012).The profit margins attained during the glory years were predictably unsustainable; however the decline was not based only upon questionable business activities, but also changing consumer attitudes. Although consumer awareness between the diet-disease relationships really began to take hold in the 1980s with efforts by the American Heart Association (Teisl, 1999), due to the advent of the internet, by the mid-to-late 1990s consumers began to awaken to the health issues related to consumption of excessive sugar in the form of HFCS, and the dangers of aspartame (Fox, 2012).This has resulted in consumers moving away from â€Å"sugary, fizzy drinks in favor of drinks with a healthier image like water, teas and other noncarbonated beverages† (Soft Drink, 2010, para. 7) and carbonated beverage sales declining for the past six years (Fuhrman, 2011). Although the carbonated beverage industry is in decline the industry would rather divert your attention by telling you â€Å"the big news is not that the soft drinks category's sales are down†¦but that Diet Coke surpassed Pepsi for the No. 2 brand in the category† (Fuhrm an, 2011 para. 3).Digging further, the only reason Diet Coke took the number two spot is because its sales declined less the Pepsi’s did, and to add to that, this loss occurred in an overall loss of soda market share globally (Esterl, 2011). Both Coke and Diet Coke have shown decline sales. Why? The public is waking up to the dangers of HFCS and Aspartame, two key ingredients in regular and diet soft drinks. High Fructose Corn Syrup was invented in 1957 and was developed for mass production in Japan between 1965 to 1970 (â€Å"High Fructose Corn Syrup†: Production, n. d. ).HFCS is manufactured by extracting corn starch, processing further to produce corn syrup, then adding enzymes to convert glucose to fructose resulting in a mixture anywhere from 42% to 55% fructose (â€Å"High Fructose Corn Syrup†, n. d. ). The danger of corn syrup is due to increased quantity consumed versus ingestion through natural means by eating fruit or other foods containing fructose (M ercola, 2010). â€Å"Fructose is a major contributor to a) insulin resistance [diabetes]; b) elevated blood pressure; c) elevated triglycerides and elevated LDL [bad cholesterol]; d) epletion of vitamins and minerals; and e) cardiovascular disease, liver disease, cancer, arthritis and gout† (Mercola, 2010, para. 3). In addition to previously mentioned health issues a study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition further makes the connection of fructose to weight gain, and insulin resistance syndrome (Elliot, 2002). The body process different types of sugar in different ways. Glucose, a much healthier form of energy, is processed mostly on a cellular level throughout the body, whereas fructose is processed completely in the liver and converts almost immediately into fat (Mercola, 2010).Although the corn syrup industry claims that at most, HFCS contains 55% fructose, independent researchers upon testing actual cans of soft drinks found they contained â€Å"as m uch as 65% fructose (and only 35% glucose)† (Kaplan, 2010, para. 6). According to the American Diabetes Association, Americans do spend $116 billion on direct medical costs related to diabetes, and with diabetes increasing by 176% between 1980 through 2010 (Crude and†¦, 2011), with fructose playing a major factor in the onset of diabetes someone is bound to take notice.Although HFCS has proven to be dangerous to consume, aspartame is worse (Mercola, 2011). Aspartame was created in 1965 by James Schlatter of the G. D. Searle Company, and took over 15 years to gain a very shady approval by the FDA (Mercola, 2011). Many researchers and top doctors have weighed in on the issue saying â€Å"aspartame causes headache, memory loss, seizures, vision loss, coma and cancer †¦ worsens or mimics the symptoms of such diseases and conditions as fibromyalgia, MS, lupus, ADD, diabetes, Alzheimer's, chronic fatigue and depression. †(NWV, 2004, para. 4).Board Certified Neurosur geon, Russell Blaylock, MD wrote a book documenting the connection of aspartame to macular degeneration, diabetic blindness and glaucoma (NWV, 2004). Due to the brand’s value and customer loyalty the company has been able to rely on its core carbonated products, however as their dedicated customer base ages and dwindles they will find it harder to attract new younger consumers who are more aware of the health concerns of HFCS and aspartame. For coke and the soft drink industry to rebound they will have to diversify and get away from HFCS and aspartame.First they have to get past Coke’s â€Å"Notorious Board† (Cravens, 2009, p. 46). References Abramovitch, S. (May 9, 2011). Apple Overtakes Google as World’s Most Powerful Brand. Gawker (Online). Retrieved from http://gawker. com/5799830/apple-overtakes-google-as-worlds-most-powerful-brand Coca-Cola Company. (2012). Historical Stock Prices. Yahoo Finance (Online). Retieved from http://finance. yahoo. com/q/h p? s=KO&a=00&b=2&c=1962&d=01&e= 21&f=2012&g=m Cravens, D. W. & Piercy, N. F. (2009). Case 1-3 Coca Cola Co, (A). Strategic Marketing. (9th, ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin â€Å"Crude and Age-Adjusted Percentage of Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Population with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 1980–2010†. Department of Health and Human Services: Center For Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figage. htm Elliott, S. S. , Keim, N. L. , Stern J. S. , Teff, K. and Havel, P. J. (November 2002). Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome [Special Article]. The Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76. 5, 911-922. Retrieved from http://www. ajcn. org/ content/76/5/911. full Esterl, M. (March 16, 2011).Diet Coke Wins Battle in Cola Wars. Wall Street Journal (Online). Retrieved February 20, 2012 from http://search. proquest. com. pegleg. park. edu/docview/857249434/13503185B037A9C16B2/20? accountid =28370 Fox, S. (2012). Using the internet for health information is not the exception. KevinMD. com. Retrieved February 20, 2012 from http://www. kevinmd. com/blog/2010/10/internet-health-information-exception. html Fuhrman, E. (April, 2011). 2011 Soft Drink Report. Beverage Industry. 102. 4, 22, 24, 26, 28 Kaplan, K. (October 26, 2010). High-fructose corn syrup in soda has much more fructose than advertised, study finds.The Los Angeles Times (Online). Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http://articles. latimes. com/2010/oct/26/news/la-heb-too-much-fructose-in-hfcs-soda-20101026 Mercola, J. (January 2, 2010). Sugar May Be Bad, But This Sweetener is Far More Deadly. Mercola. com. Retrieved February 19, 2012 from http://articles. mercola. com/sites/articles/archive/2010/01/02/highfructose-corn-syrup-alters-human-metabolism. aspx Mercola, J. (November 6, 2011). Aspartame is, by far, the most dangerous substance on the market that is added to foods. Mercola. com. Retrieved February 19, 20 12 from

The Major Failures of the U.S. Reconstruction Policies After the Civil War Essays

The Major Failures of the U.S. Reconstruction Policies After the Civil War Essays The Major Failures of the U.S. Reconstruction Policies After the Civil War Paper The Major Failures of the U.S. Reconstruction Policies After the Civil War Paper The Major Failures of the U. S. Reconstruction policies after the Civil War The U. S. Reconstruction policies were developed and implemented by Congress to apply some sort of order to the southern states after the Civil War. The policies were designed to aid the failing government in combating the economic, political, and social problems that resulted post-war. Reconstruction began in 1865 and lasted until 1877 and that period is known to be one of the most tumultuous times of the United States history. Although, the U. S. government tried hard to firmly push Reconstruction; it ultimately failed. The research conducted will identify and explain the major failures within the U. S. Reconstruction policies. One of the main reasons why Reconstruction failed was due to the poor condition of former slaves. The south viewed Reconstruction as humiliating to them therefore they did not welcome the new policies with open arms. However, in March of 1865 Congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau to protect African Americans quality of life. The Freedmen’s Bureau would help ex-slaves move towards a life of being self-sufficient and blend into American Society. In December of 1865 the U. S. Congress ratified the 13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution therefore abolishing slavery. However, again Southern state legislatures refused the approval of the 13th Amendment and also began to deny African Americans the right to become full citizens of the United States. Surprisingly, Congress began to widely support the decision to grant blacks full citizenship. Nevertheless, southern Whites adopted â€Å"Black Codes† that were designed to regulate certain activity a freed slave could participate in. The codes would vary from state to state but were similar in more ways than one. Ex-slaves would be subject to enter uncompromising labor contracts with harsh violation consequences such as trading off dependents to pay off fines or corporal punishments. Congress passed a civil rights bill in addition to developing a new Freedmen’s Bureau in July of 1866. These rulings prevented southern legislatures from discriminating against blacks. Shortly after the new Freedmen’s Bureau was effective, the 14th Amendment came to pass. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution states â€Å"all persons born or naturalized in the U. S. and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. † African Americans were now allowed to enjoy their lives in a non-slave society by engaging in voting, earning a living for their families, and make use of everyday public resources. This caused southern Whites to rebel in their own way by forming the Ku Klux Klan a racially-charged hate organization. Reconstruction d id not help change social classes. Another major failure within the U. S. Reconstruction policies was the dropped prices of crops and the weakened economy. After the Civil War ended the South’s economy was severely weakened and the land was left battered. The total amount of money lost due to the abolition of slavery was equivalent to $4 billion. Farmers’ crops were steady declining because there were no slaves to tend to fields. Many of them were forced to work their own land to make a decent living but could not survive on the meager earnings. The South entered the worst depression ever at that time. The price of cotton dropped by fifty percent as well as other crops such as tobacco, rice, and sugar did too. The depression disrupted commerce, bankrupted merchants, seriously undermined the economic situation or artisans, and all but eliminated prospects for social mobility among unskilled laborers of both races† (Bukisa. com). Another major failure in regard to the Reconstruction policies was the involvement of African Americans in politics. Even though the Reconstruction Era was dedicated to converting the South to a non-slave society, southern whites did not want to incorporate blacks into their American Society. After all the countless court rulings to ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments Blacks still has little power. They were at some point able to vote and even run for political office but that privilege quickly reverted back to the Old South’s way of life. â€Å"Many people blamed the Reconstruction failure on Black politics calling it a â€Å"Negro government. Even some newspapers that were in favor of Reconstruction blamed Blacks legislatures† (The History Connection). Southern Whites did however; find ways of getting around upholding blacks as citizens by adopting Jim Crow Laws and the Black Codes.

Mystery Writing Contest for Unpublished Novelists

Mystery Writing Contest for Unpublished Novelists Mystery Writing Contest for Unpublished Novelists Mystery Writing Contest for Unpublished Novelists By Maeve Maddox The Debut Dagger is a crime writing competition sponsored by the Crime Writers Association. According to Liz Evans, contest chair, 18 Dagger entrants have landed publishing contracts since the annual competition began in 1998. The bad news: If youve already had a novel published commerciallyin any genreyou cant enter. The good news: If your entry makes the short list, youll receive a professional assessment of your entry, even if you dont win. First prize is  £500, tickets to the CWA Daggers Awards and a nights stay in a top London hotel. The entry fee of  £25 is payable by credit card or PayPal. The deadline is February 6, 2010. Even if you are not eligible to enter, you may want to check out the CWA site. It offers a lot of useful writing tips. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite Adjectives55 Boxing Idioms10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing

Weekend in Guatemala Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekend in Guatemala - Essay Example Diego express his pessimism by asking Tucuche if the land reforms are of ill intent (Asturias 201). Secondly, the author helps readers understand La Galla’s mentality through the expressions she gives when she hears the Indian drums. La Galla expresses condescending facts regarding the Indians and the drums they play because of the land reforms. La Galla’s mentality is best understood when the author describes how his father died because of a demonstration, which was carried out by the Indians. La Galla disagrees with the idea of land reforms, which has been instigated by the Great Brotherhood. Further, La Galla does not see any sense regarding the drums played by the Indians; she sees it as only noise (Asturias 200). Branding the land reformists as communists was the best cover up, which La Galla and the white settlers could use to attack the Indians. If La Galla and her group could label the Indians as communist, the Indians could be seen as extremists with ill intentions. The idea of communism was contrary to what La Galla and whites believed in, which was capitalism. The state and communal ownership of land was the point of attack against Indians (Asturias